X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD)
Used to determine composition of rocks and other crystalline material. It is the best way to determine amounts and types of clay minerals.

Bulk Analysis - Material is ground to a fine powder. Results are reported in weight percent. Useful for scales or rock samples where clays are not present .
Formation Rock Composition - Includes a bulk analysis of all mineral components and analysis of the less than four-micron clay size material. The clay-size fraction is analyzed separately from bulk components, then recombined to provide the total composition of the rock. Reported results all minerals present in the rock and includes types and amounts of clay minerals and are reported in weight percent.
Organic Shale Analysis - Analysis incorporates organic component (TOC) with inorganic constituents of rock. Reported results are in weight percent, volume percent, and include grain density calculated from XRD data.
Siliceous shale analysis (Crystallinity Index /Silica Diagenesis) - Analysis included detailed analysis of quartz peaks to determine index of crystallinity which directly relates to the degree of silica diagenesis.